|
Gem Variety |
Density |
Chemical Composition |
 |
Cinnabar |
8.0-8.2 |
Mercury sulfide
|
 |
Cassiterite |
6.7-7.1 |
Tin oxide |
 |
Cerussite |
6.46-6.57 |
Lead carbonate |
 |
Scheelite |
5.9-6.3 |
Calcium tungstate
|
 |
Cuprite |
5.85-6.15 |
Copper oxide
|
 |
Hematite |
5.12-5.28 |
Iron oxide |
 |
Barite |
4.43-4.46 |
Barium sulfate |
 |
Spessartite Garnet |
4.12-4.18 |
Manganese aluminum silicate
|
 |
Painite |
4.01 |
Calcium aluminum zirconium borate
|
 |
Smithsonite |
4.00-4.65 |
Zinc carbonate
|
 |
Ruby |
3.97-4.05 |
Aluminum oxide
|
 |
Star Ruby |
3.97-4.05 |
Aluminum oxide
|
 |
Celestine |
3.97-4.00 |
Strontium sulfate
|
 |
Sapphire |
3.95-4.03 |
Aluminum oxide
|
 |
Star Sapphire |
3.95-4.03 |
Aluminum oxide
|
 |
Zircon |
3.93-4.73 |
Zirconium silicate
|
 |
Almandine Garnet |
3.93-4.30 |
Iron aluminum silicate
|
 |
Sphalerite |
3.90-4.10 |
Zinc sulphide
|
 |
Rhodolite Garnet |
3.84 |
Magnesium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Color-Change Garnet |
3.78-3.85 |
Complex aluminum silicate
|
 |
Malaia Garnet |
3.78-3.85 |
Complex aluminum silicate
|
 |
Gaspeite |
3.71 |
Nickel magnesium iron carbonate
|
 |
Demantoid Garnet |
3.7-4.1 |
Calcium iron silicate
|
 |
Azurite |
3.77-3.89 |
Basic copper carbonate
|
 |
Alexandrite |
3.70-3.78 |
Beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Alexandrite Cat's Eye |
3.70-3.78 |
Beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Chrysoberyl |
3.70-3.78 |
Beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Chrysoberyl Cat's Eye |
3.70-3.78 |
Beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Vanadium Chrysoberyl |
3.70-3.78 |
Beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Mali Garnet |
3.65 |
Calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Benitoite |
3.64-3.68 |
Barium titanium silicate |
 |
Pyrope Garnet |
3.62-3.87 |
Magnesium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Taaffeite |
3.60-3.62 |
Magnesium beryllium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Grossular Garnet |
3.56-3.73 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Hessonite Garnet |
3.56-3.73 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Leuco Garnet |
3.56-3.73 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Tsavorite Garnet |
3.56-3.73 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Spinel |
3.54-3.63 |
Magnesium aluminum oxide
|
 |
Kyanite |
3.53-3.70 |
Aluminum silicate
|
 |
Sphene (Titanite) |
3.52-3.54 |
Calcium titanium silicate
|
 |
Diamond |
3.50-3.53 |
Carbon |
 |
Imperial Topaz |
3.49-3.57 |
Aluminum fluosilicate
|
 |
Topaz |
3.49-3.57 |
Aluminum fluosilicate
|
 |
Sinhalite |
3.46-3.50 |
Magnesium aluminum borate
|
 |
Rhodochrosite |
3.45-3.70 |
Manganese carbonate
|
 |
Serendibite |
3.42-3.52 |
Complex borosilicate
|
 |
Uvarovite Garnet |
3.41-3.52 |
Calcium chromium silicate |
 |
Rhodonite |
3.40-3.74 |
Manganese silicate
|
 |
Tanzanite |
3.35 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Idocrase (Vesuvianite) |
3.32-3.47 |
Aluminum calcium silicate
|
 |
Epidote |
3.3-3.5 |
Calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate
|
 |
Hemimorphite |
3.30-3.50 |
Hydrous basic zinc siilcate
|
 |
Diaspore |
3.30-3.39 |
Hydrated aluminum oxide
|
 |
Jadeite Jade |
3.30-3.38 |
Sodium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Peridot |
3.28-3.48 |
Magnesium iron silicate
|
 |
Dioptase |
3.28-3.38 |
Copper cyclosilicate |
 |
Jeremejevite |
3.28-3.31 |
Aluminum borate |
 |
Kornerupine |
3.27-3.45 |
Magnesium aluminum borosilicate |
 |
Dumortierite |
3.28-3.41 |
Aluminum borate silicate |
 |
Axinite |
3.26-3.36 |
Calcium aluminium borosilicate |
 |
Malachite |
3.25-4.10 |
Basic copper carbonate
|
 |
Sillimanite |
3.27-3.27 |
Aluminum silicate
|
 |
Chrome Diopside |
3.22-3.38 |
Calcium magnesium silicate
|
 |
Diopside |
3.22-3.38 |
Calcium magnesium silicate
|
 |
Enstatite |
3.20-3.30 |
Magnesium silicate |
 |
Apatite |
3.16-3.23 |
Fluoro or chloro calcium phosphate |
 |
Cat's Eye Apatite |
3.16-3.23 |
Fluoro or chloro calcium phosphate
|
 |
Zoisite |
3.15-3.38 |
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Hiddenite |
3.15-3.21 |
Lithium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Kunzite |
3.15-3.21 |
Lithium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Spodumene |
3.15-3.21 |
Lithium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Clinohumite |
3.13-3.75 |
Magnesium silicate
|
 |
Euclase |
3.10 |
Beryllium alum. hydroxide silicate |
 |
Andalusite |
3.05-3.20 |
Aluminum silicate
|
 |
Actinolite |
3.03-3.07 |
Basic calcium magnesium iron silicate |
 |
Amblygonite |
3.01-3.11 |
Lithium sodium aluminum flurophosphate |
 |
Fluorite |
3.00-3.28 |
Calcium fluoride
|
 |
Brazilianite |
2.98-2.99 |
Sodium aluminum phosphate |
 |
Danburite |
2.97-3.03 |
Calcium boric silicate
|
 |
Grandidierite |
2.97-3.03 |
Magnesium aluminum borosilicate |
 |
Phenakite |
2.95-2.97 |
Beryllium silicate |
 |
Aragonite |
2.94 |
Calcium carbonate |
 |
Pezzotaite |
2.90-3.10 |
Caesium beryllium lithium alum. silicate
|
 |
Nephrite Jade |
2.90-3.03 |
Calcium aluminum iron silicate
|
 |
Datolite |
2.90-3.00 |
Calcium boron hydroxide nesosilicate |
 |
Chrome Tourmaline |
2.82-3.32 |
Soldium lithium boron silicate with chromium
|
 |
Paraiba Tourmaline |
2.82-3.32 |
Soldium lithium boron silicate with copper
|
 |
Rubellite Tourmaline |
2.82-3.32 |
Soldium lithium boron silicate
|
 |
Tourmaline |
2.82-3.32 |
Soldium lithium boron silicate
|
 |
Prehnite |
2.82-2.94 |
Basic calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Lepidolite |
2.80-2.90 |
Potassium aluminum lithium silicate |
 |
Sugilite |
2.76-2.80 |
Pot. sodium lith. iron manganese alum. silicate |
 |
Ammolite (Korite) |
2.75-2.80 |
Calcium carbonate |
 |
Eudialyte |
2.74-2.98 |
Zirconium silicate |
 |
Larimar (Pectolite) |
2.74-2.88 |
Sodium calcium inosilicate hydroxide |
 |
Calcite |
2.69-2.71 |
Calcium carbonate
|
 |
Cobaltocalcite |
2.69-2.71 |
Calcium carbonate & cobalt |
 |
Aquamarine |
2.68-2.74 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Emerald |
2.67-2.78 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Golden Beryl |
2.66-2.87 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Goshenite Beryl |
2.66-2.87 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Morganite |
2.66-2.87 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Red Beryl (Bixbite) |
2.66-2.87 |
Aluminum beryllium silicate
|
 |
Labradorite |
2.65-2.75 |
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Andesine |
2.65-2.69 |
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Amethyst |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Ametrine |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Citrine |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Rock Crystal |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Rose Quartz |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Smoky Quartz |
2.65 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Aventurine |
2.64-2.69 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Oligoclase |
2.62-2.67 |
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Sunstone |
2.62-2.65 |
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Pearl |
2.60-2.85 |
Calcium carbonate |
 |
Coral |
2.60-2.70 |
Calcium carbonate |
 |
Agate |
2.60-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide |
 |
Jasper |
2.58-2.91 |
Silicon dioxide |
 |
Iolite |
2.58-2.66 |
Magnesium aluminum silicate |
 |
Bloodstone |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Carnelian |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Chalcedony |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide |
 |
Chrome Chalcedony |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Chrysoprase |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Gem Silica |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide
|
 |
Onyx |
2.58-2.64 |
Silicon dioxide |
 |
Scapolite |
2.57-2.74 |
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate |
 |
Moonstone |
2.56-2.59 |
Potassium aluminum silicate |
 |
Amazonite |
2.56-2.58 |
Potassium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Orthoclase |
2.56-.2.58 |
Potassium aluminum silicate
|
 |
Charoite |
2.54-2.78 |
Complex alkaline calcic silicate |
 |
Williamsite |
2.51-2.63 |
Hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate |
 |
Poudretteite |
2.51-2.53 |
Potassium sodium boron silicate |
 |
Lapis Lazuli |
2.50-3.00 |
Sodim calcium aluminium silicate |
 |
Howlite |
2.45-2.58 |
Calcium borosilicate hydroxide |
 |
Carletonite |
2.45 |
Hydrated pot. sodium calcium carb. silicate |
 |
Hauyne |
2.40-2.50 |
Sodium aluminum silicate |
 |
Petalite |
2.40 |
Lithium aluminium phyllosilicate |
 |
Obsidian |
2.35-2.60 |
Siliceous glassy rock |
 |
Hambergite |
2.35 |
Beryllium borate |
 |
Moldavite |
2.32-2.38 |
Silicon dioxide compound with other minerals |
 |
Turquoise |
2.31-2.84 |
Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate |
 |
Hackmanite |
2.14-2.40 |
Sodium aluminum chloride silicate
|
 |
Sodalite |
2.14-2.40 |
Sodium aluminum chloride silicate |
 |
Chrysocolla |
2.00-2.40 |
Hydrous copper silicate |
 |
Mexican Fire Opal |
1.88-2.50 |
Hydrous silicon dioxide
|
 |
Opal |
1.88-2.50 |
Hydrous silicon dioxide |
 |
Ulexite |
1.65-1.95 |
Hydrated sodium calcium borate hydroxide |
 |
Jet |
1.19-1.35 |
Carbon (bituminous coal) |
 |
Amber |
1.05-1.09 |
Fossilised organic resin
|